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What this paper adds: * This case study demonstrated that facilitating ongoing education opportunities that draw on the expertise of local palliative care champions or internal specialists can enhance care provision. * Nurse care managers believe the value of generalist services, particularly home care services, in the generalist-specialist palliative care partnership, needs to be understood and respected. * Tailored investment in home care to provide a general palliative approach would be beneficial given the unique challenges of this mobile workforce. Keywords: Palliative care;home care services;Education, Nursing;qualitative research;Nurse Practitioner BACKGROUND Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life of people affected by life-threatening illnesses, including the prevention and relief of suffering through identification, assessment and treatment.1 This care extends to family members, and encompasses physical, psychological, social and spiritual support. Home nursing and care organisations are key providers of community-based palliative care, with staff often the linchpin, in supporting palliative clients, organising and providing care, coordinating the input of other professionals and of specialist equipment.5 Previous research has identified the difficulties faced by home care nurses in meeting their clients' palliative care needs, such as symptom management and communication, as well as requirements for further training to enhance their knowledge and confidence of caring for palliative clients.5-7 In this context, generalist palliative care is delivered by health and care professionals with broad clinical responsibilities who provide primary, ongoing care;and have established relationships with the person and their care community.2 This is distinct from specialist palliative care services which support complex needs through multidisciplinary teams with specialised palliative care training. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Thematic analysis identified the following overarching themes: 1) targeted education increased staff knowledge and confidence, but more is needed;2) collaborative teamwork with effective communication and information sharing underpins a successful generalist-specialist partnership;3) the home care setting is unique and requires accessible systems and processes.
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As with many other male-dominated sports, for over a century of its history, Australian Rules Football organizations resisted and undermined women's participation in the game. The first league for women footballers commenced in Victoria in 1981. Since then, the growth in women's participation has been substantial, and in 2017, a professional women's Australian Football League (AFLW) commenced. The next phase of the participation of women in football is approaching, and heralds an opportunity for women to (re)gain power within the sport. In October 2019, thirty percent of women players rejected the proposed Collective Bargaining Agreement from the Australian Football League (AFL), with the underlying sentiment of wanting a stronger voice in the vision for the future of their game. This paper examines how changing participation rates in community football can transform the narrative of women's football from one of subsidized welfare to women players being necessary for the survival of football.
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Objectives : To describe impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, treatment utilisation and timeliness of care in Victoria, Australia. Design : Retrospective study using population wide Victorian Cancer Registry data and clinical data from the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry, comparing data pre-COVID (2019 and Q1 of 2020) with the COVID era (April 2020-31/12/2020). Setting and participants : Population wide data on lung cancer diagnoses diagnosed in 2019 and 2020 in Victoria, and 4485 cases with additional clinical data. Result(s): Compared In the COVID-era, 177 fewer males (-12%) and 4 fewer females (-0.3%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. Stage at diagnoses for NSCLC was higher on average in Q2 2020 and was similar to the pre-COVID distribution in Q2 and Q4. No changes were detected in the stage distribution for SCLC. The proportion of patients whose time from referral to diagnosis was >=28 d decreased with increasing volume of referrals but was higher in the COVID era (74.6%) compared with the pre-COVID era (67.5%), not caused by a decrease in volume. The proportion of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment reduced slightly from 84% in the pre-COVID era to 81% in the COVID era ( p = 0.022). Time from diagnosis to treatment (>=14 d;37.3% of patients on average) was not associated with volume of new diagnoses, nor did change in the COVID-era ( p = 0.13). The proportion of NSCLC patients who received guideline concordance treatment did not differ between pre-COVID (83.1%) and the COVID era (81.7%;p = 0.31).
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Psychological resilience of residents is an important but often neglected component of community and urban resilience. This study explores what neighborhood environment features contribute to better psychological resilience. Using a survey conducted in Greater Melbourne during a COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, we examined the role of the neighborhood physical and social environments in mitigating the psychological shock of the pandemic. Overall, we found that suburban residents are more resilient in mental health than those in the inner city. In particular, the mental health of residents living in middle-density suburbs is least likely to be severely impacted. We further found that neighborhood walkability, vegetation cover, and social cohesion all contribute to better psychological resilience. Walkability and social cohesion influence psychological resilience indirectly through affecting the perceived risks of COVID-19 infection and satisfaction with neighborhood during the lockdown, whereas neighborhood greenery has a direct and beneficial effect on psychological resilience. These findings imply that planning interventions to improve neighborhood walkability and greenness, and foster social cohesion may help improve the psychological resilience of local residents, and hence promote urban resilience. These findings also support middle-density development, which promotes walkability and proximity to nature, as well as a close-knit community. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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Introduction: The impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities is of great concern given the importance of aquatic foods in trade, nutrition and livelihoods. Using a case study of Lake Victoria, augmented by published literature, we examine the socioeconomic dynamics and severity of COVID-19 impacts on Kenyan fishing communities. Methods: A household level questionnaire was administered through phone interviews on a monthly basis from June 2020 to May 2021, including a focus group discussion in July 2021. Results: We find that multifold fear of COVID-19 infection and control measures were present and varied across case rates and stringency of control measures. Fishers and traders reported being affected by disease control measures that limited market access and their ability to fish overnight. In spite of these worries, and contrary to what has been reported in the published literature regarding impacts observed in the early months of the pandemic, we see stable participation in fishing and fish trading over time despite the pandemic. Food insecurity was high before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not substantially shift with the pandemic. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Kenyan fishing and fish trading households adopted diverse strategies to cope and balance generating income to provide for their families and staying safe. Our results underscore the need to understand ways in which acute pandemic impacts evolve over time given that effects are likely heterogeneous across small-scale fishing communities. Copyright © 2023 Okronipa, Bageant, Baez, Onyango, Aura and Fiorella.
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Keywords: Australia;COVID-19;hospitals;nurses;midwives;mental health OBJECTIVE At the time the study was conducted (May-August 2020), most of the published peer-reviewed evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and midwives was from countries with high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths, such as China,1-2 and the United Kingdom (UK).3 Australia has recorded relatively low numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths in comparison to other countries.4 Although evidence is starting to emerge about the impact of the COVID-ig pandemic on Australian nurses' and midwives' psychological wellbeing and their work and personal lives, most studies have been conducted in a single setting,5 or have included nurses and midwives as part of a broader investigation of healthcare workers in general.6,7 Recent reviews about the prevalence of psychological distress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic have identified few studies that have been conducted in more than one setting and none of these were from Australia.8,9 Understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and midwives is important in planning appropriate support services, ensuring nurses and midwives can provide high quality patient care, and optimising their psychological wellbeing.10 The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and midwives working in Melbourne, Australia, specifically psychological distress, self-reported concerns, and perceived impact on their work and personal lives. During previous outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and H1N1 influenza, healthcare workers reported concerns about their own and family members' health.17"21 A recent Australian study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic found that most of the hospital clinical staff surveyed were also concerned about their own health and infecting their families, friends and colleagues.22 Further research is required to identify other concerns nurses and midwives may have experienced during the pandemic or are specific to COVID-ig as well as the effects of the pandemic on their personal and work lives and psychological wellbeing. Services in private hospitals are paid for directly by patients or their health insurer.23 Nurses and midwives were recruited from four major metropolitan health services in Melbourne, the capital city of the State of Victoria, Australia;three are public health services which provide acute tertiary services, subacute care, specialist clinics and community health services. Sociodemographic and employment characteristics: sex, age, country of birth, professional role (e.g. nurse, midwife), living with school-aged children (yes/no), employment status (full time/part time/casual),years of clinical experience and years employed at health
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The article examines whether the Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing (RUSON) employment model can help improve transition to practice and address workforce shortages in Australia. Topics discussed include the global nursing shortage following the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges facing new nursing graduates, and the RUSON employment model's success in reducing workload pressure and increasing job satisfaction for registered nurses.
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Water basins characterise both physical and social environmental aspects such as land tenure. As such, the basins extend beyond spatial units of physical resources and human relations analysis to policy research and reform units. The comprehensive view of water basins in research goes along with an observed increase in anthropogenic-driven changes, such as land use and land cover changes, and cases of ineffective remedial measures to the adverse change, such as through applying integrated watershed management approaches. The human-induced land cover changes affect the water basin's biodiversity, for instance, contributing to an increase in zoonotic disease outbreaks like coronaviruses. The Lake Victoria basin exhibits similar patterns of change and effects due to, among other factors, land tenure, whose contribution is less known empirically. Therefore, this paper integrates satellite imagery and catchment survey data to examine the relationship between land tenure and land uses and land cover changes in the Lake Victoria basin of Eastern Africa. Additionally, explore the contextual character and role of three land tenure systems of Customary, Native freehold and Mailo found in the Uganda country segment of the basin in explaining the outcomes. The aim is to provide information that, among other benefits, improves water basin management and governance. The results indicate a statistically significant relationship exists between the perceived extent of land use and land cover change;drivers of change;the extent of adopting sustainable land-use practices, and the prevailing land tenure. Though with different tenure systems, the three case study water catchments experienced adverse land use and cover changes. The changes mainly affected land tenure indicative land use and cover classes, prominently on the Customary, Mailo, and Native freehold land tenure systems. However, marginal differences occur among the land tenure systems, as the systems feature both de jure and de facto systems and an orientation towards customary tenure characters. The situation likely explains the observed closeness in perceptions regarding the role and relationship between land tenure and land use and cover changes, tenure systems character, perceived drivers of change and eventual outcomes, including the sustainable land use practices adoption. In addition to explaining the land use and cover change, land tenure is an essential tool for restoration and sustainable basin development and sustainability. We, thus, recommend land tenure responsiveness in water basin management approaches for sustainable societal development. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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An influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples were screened by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and 30 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B underwent further typing/subtyping for cycle threshold (Ct) value determination based on cycling probe RT-PCR. The majority of subtyped samples (n = 13) were influenza A(H3N2), while only three were B/Victoria. Clinical samples with low Ct values obtained by RT-PCR were used for whole-genome sequencing via next-generation sequencing technology. All collected viruses were distinct from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains of the corresponding season but matched with vaccines of the following season. Influenza A(H3N2) strains from Myanmar belonged to clade 2a.3 and shared the highest genetic proximity with Bahraini strains. B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade V1A.3a.2 and were genetically similar to Bangladeshi strains. This study highlights the importance of performing influenza virus surveillance with genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar, to contribute to global influenza surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics , Myanmar/epidemiology , PandemicsABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to significant changes in electricity demand around the world. Although these changes differ from region to region, countries that have implemented stringent lockdown measures to curtail the spread of the virus have experienced the greatest alterations in demand. Within Australia, the state of Victoria has been subject to the largest number of days in hard lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conduct an exploratory data analysis to identify predictors of demand, and have built a time series forecasting model to predict the half-hourly electricity demand in Victoria. Our model distinguishes between lockdown periods and non-restrictive periods, and aims to identify a variety of patterns that we show to be influential on electricity demand. The model thereby provides a nuanced prediction of electricity demand that captures the shifting demand profile of intermittent lockdowns.
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BackgroundCovid-19 related lockdowns in Victoria, Australia, have increased the time spent at home. It is not known how this increased exposure to injury hazards around the home have affected injury rates.AimsTo provide an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on hospital-treated injury during the 2020 lockdown period in Victoria, compared to the same period in 2019.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of Emergency Department (ED) and hospital admissions data. Cases were selected as injuries occurring in the home, based on ICD-10-AM coding or approximate equivalent in the ED data. To determine who was disproportionally at risk for home injury during lockdown, logistic regression modelling was applied, comparing sociodemographic factors associated with injuries in April-October 2020 vs. April-October 2019.ResultsHospital-treated home injury rates in Victoria were higher in lockdown months of 2020 compared to the control period;this was observed in ED presentations (annual rates 2332 vs. 2042 per 100,000 population, respectively) and hospital admissions (613 vs. 519 per 100,000). Lockdown period injuries were relatively common in younger age groups and relatively less common in older adults;they were also relatively common among those living in regional Victoria.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate an increase in home injuries that required hospital treatment, during months of lockdown in Victoria, 2020.Learning outcomesYounger people in particular should be a focus for injury prevention in this setting. Home injuries should weigh into the decision making when lockdown is considered to reduce the spread of COVID-19.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to significant changes in electricity demand around the world. Although these changes differ from region to region, countries that have implemented stringent lockdown measures to curtail the spread of the virus have experienced the greatest alterations in demand. Within Australia, the state of Victoria has been subject to the largest number of days in hard lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conduct an exploratory data analysis to identify predictors of demand, and have built a time series forecasting model to predict the half-hourly electrical demand in Victoria. Our model distinguishes between lockdown periods and non-restrictive periods, and aims to identify a variety of patterns that we show to be influential on electricity demand. The model thereby provides a nuanced prediction of electrical demand that captures the shifting demand profile of intermittent lockdowns.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant mental health burdens upon the general population worldwide, either directly owing to the disease or indirectly through aggressive public health measures to control spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. In this narrative review, we used a systematic approach to summarize the impact of restrictive lockdown measures on the general mental health of people living in Victoria, Australia during 2020 and to identify the groups with an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. A systematic database search (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase) for articles examining the mental health of Victorians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 yielded 88 articles, of which 15 articles were finally included in this review. We found that the general mental health of Victorians was negatively affected by COVID-19 restrictions during 2020. Although studies reported heterogeneous mental health outcomes, we found that the general population consistently used coping strategies and demonstrated mental health help-seeking behaviors in response to the restrictions. Women, children, young people, carers, people who became unemployed owing to the pandemic, and those with pre-existing psychiatric conditions had a higher risk of adverse mental health consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
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COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Female , Adolescent , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Mental Health , SARS-CoV-2 , Victoria/epidemiology , Communicable Disease ControlABSTRACT
This paper analyses how responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have interacted with economic and social rights during the first two years of the pandemic (in 2020 and in 2021) in the Australian state of Victoria. The pandemic has naturally focused attention on health, resulting in much government action to protect public health by preventing COVID-19 infections. However, Victoria’s multiple lockdowns have also imposed heavy socio-economic burdens, which have been unevenly spread, exacerbating the vulnerable positions of already marginalised groups and individuals. In addition, in contrast to what was hoped for by some commentators, the crisis has failed to bring about fundamental change in economic and social policies undermining the enjoyment of economic and social rights. The reasons behind these outcomes can be located, most obviously, in the blunt approach chosen early on that characterised the pandemic response throughout. However, they also resulted from limited consideration of the demands of economic and social rights, including their inherent tensions and inter-relationships, and from lack of attention to existing inequalities. © 2022 Australian Journal of Human Rights.
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Purpose This exploratory study aims to examine how wine stakeholders' are adopting innovative advancements in smart industry 4.0 application technology (SI4.0AT) coupled with electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) techniques to increase winery visitation and wine sales, prior to and during a global pandemic in the Yarra Valley in Victoria, Australia. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative interpretivist geographical bounded case study approach was used to collect data from fifteen Victorian wine stakeholder's prior to and during the global pandemic COVID-19. A thematic analysis was applied to interpret participant responses and how they viewed, reacted to and harnessed S14.0AT and e-WOM to continue and increase wine sales. Findings The findings suggest few wine stakeholders' were actively implementing SI4.0AT prior to the global pandemic, COVID -19. With the forced closure of wineries to visitors across Australia, most small to medium-sized wineries immediately changed their business models to concentrate on domestic e-commerce wine sales and home delivery. To support these new business models, e-WOM techniques were quickly adopted or increased whereas other S14.0AT technologies were not, due to financial restraints. Research limitations/implications The number of participants used in this study is a limitation, however, this can be overcome by replicating this study in other wine regions. This research focused on the wine stakeholders' viewpoint only and may not be easily generalised. Future studies may examine the "what" aspect of SI4.0AT is being used and e-WOM content such as investigating what consumers are saying about these wineries, the method of communication and the motivations for consumers to engage with a winery. Practical implications The implications for the wine industry and overall results offer insight into the wine stakeholders' perceptions of SI4.0AT and e-WOM and consequent marketing strategy of wineries in the Yarra Valley, Victoria, both pre- and during forced face-to-face winery closures due to a global pandemic. Wineries need to continue to harness and leverage the benefits of e-WOM wine marketing in their marketing strategies and continue to explore the affordability of 4.0 app technology and Tourism 4.0 options. Originality/value This study is the first attempt at investigating how wine stakeholders' view;react to and harness SI4.0AT and e-WOM through formalised online marketing strategies which should continue to be investigated in the future.
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This paper examines the COVID-19 approach in Victoria, Australia, with specific reference to the response to the second wave in July 2020. The lockdown of 112 days confining people to homes, limiting recreation hours, visits to friends and family, and only permitting the opening of essential businesses, posed stark challenges from a human security perspective. While the policy in the long run was successful in containing, SARS-CoV-2, the approach emphasised heavy policing, punitive measures and surveillance. While polling suggests that a majority of Victorians approved of these measures, this has come at enormous social cost: lost incomes to low wage earners and casual workers who cannot afford to self-isolate on being diagnosed;rises in instances of domestic violence occasioned by stay-at-home orders;arguments levelled against certain ethnic communities for being more susceptible for spreading the virus than others. Protest movements have also developed, comprising 'sovereign citizens' who openly refused to wear masks or observe curfews. Using human security as a vantage point, the successes of the Victorian-Melbourne lockdown model can be seen as mixed, notably from the perspective of wellbeing, mental and physical health.
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INTRODUCTION: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple lockdown measures were enforced across Australia, with Victoria being affected the most with lockdowns starting in March 2020 and ending in November 2021. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBTs) are classified as category 1 surgeries and as such are not stopped due to covid restrictions. We aimed to investigate the effects on the number of TURBTs being performed in Australia and comparing the differences to Victoria and its lockdowns. METHODS: Medicare Item Reports were obtained from publicly listed sources for transurethral resection of small and large/multiple bladder tumours in Australia from November 2018 to November 2021. Comparisons were made between trends in 2019, 2020 and 2021. RESULTS: The number of small and large/multiple tumours TURBTs performed in 2021 vs 2020 and 2019 was 16123, 13860 and 14340 respectively. This demonstrates a 16.3% and 12.4% increase in TURBTs performed in 2021 compared to 2020 and 2019 respectively. In Victoria, there were 9203, 8986 and 9460 small and large TURBTs performed in 2021, 2020 and 2019. Notably, the increase in TURBT's performed in Victoria was 14.2% compared to 2020, and 4.5% compared to 2019 which is lower than the average national increase. In February and October 2021 there were 9.4% and 10.0% reductions in TURBTs performed compared to 2020 despite a corresponding 15.8% and 18.2% increase in the national average during this time, correlating with state-wide lockdowns. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a corresponding rise in small, large and multiple TURBTs in Australia when comparing to prepandemic levels. It appears that most of the country's rate of TURBTs has not been affected except for Victoria which had been affected the most as there was not the same increase in TURBTs that the rest of the country had, and was particularly worse during the months of state-wide lockdown.
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Background Gastrointestinal infections cause a significant burden to the Australian healthcare system each year, with acute gastroenteritis infections costing up to $359 million AUD ($258 million USD) in 2016. Viral causes of gastroenteritis, particularly Norovirus, account for the majority of these cases. Given the contagious nature of many causes of bacterial and viral gastroenteritis, it was hypothesized that widespread lockdowns and increased public health focus on regular hand hygiene would contribute to a reduction in hospital presentations with gastrointestinal infections. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia first went into lockdown in March 2020 and remained in various forms of lockdown until late 2020. Methods A retrospective study comparing rates of hospitalization for bacterial and viral gastroenteritis was performed at The Royal Melbourne Hospital between February-August in both 2019 and 2020. Rates of admission were compared between the two years, as well as the causative organism and the outcome of the presentation. Descriptive statistics were provided to summarise demographic characteristics. Outcomes between the two years were compared using paired t-tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square for categorical variables. All data analysis was performed using Stata 16.1 and p-values £0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Demographic data are summarised in Table 1. 283 patients were hospitalized with gastroenteritis in 2019 pre-pandemic, compared to 147 in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significant reduction in the number of patients admitted with positive fecal cultures from 2019 to 2020 (87 vs 57, p < 0.01). The number and percentage of patients presenting with Norovirus reduced by greater than 90% in 2020 compared to 2019 (Table 2) (Odds Ratio: 0.093 [Confidence Interval: 0.02-0.41], p<0.01). There was a reduction in the number of presentations with Salmonella, however, this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.50). The number of patients presenting with Clostridium difficile significantly increased in 2020 compared to 2019 (21 versus 25, p=0.01) (Table 2). Rates of antibiotic treatment and intensive care admission were greater in 2020 compared to 2019 however there was no significant difference in biomarkers, length of stay, or mortality (Table 2). Conclusion A significant decrease in the incidence of hospitalization secondary to acute gastrointestinal infections was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Norovirus presentations decreased by greater than 90% between 2019 and 2020. The rate of other GI infections was similar between pre-pandemic and pandemic time points. These findings suggest that public health measures, such as social distancing and hand hygiene, may be a useful adjunct to prevent Norovirus infections in the future and could result in significant healthcare savings.(Table Presented)TABLE 1: PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS(Table Presented) TABLE 2: GASTROINTESTINAL CULTURE POSITIVE INFECTIONS 2019 VERSUS 2020
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Background: To control a second wave of COVID-19 outbreak, the state of Victoria in Australia experienced one of the world's first long and strict lockdowns over July-October 2020, while the rest of Australia experienced 'COVID-normal' with minimal restrictions. Objectives: To (1) investigate trajectories of parent/child MH outcomes in Victoria vs non-Victoria and (2) identify baseline demographic, individual and factors related to COVID-19 associated with MH trajectories. Methods: An online community sample of 2004 Australian parents of a child aged 0-18 years with rapid repeated assessment over 14 time points from April 2020 to May 2021. Measures assessed parent MH (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21), child depression symptoms (13-item Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) and child anxiety symptoms (4 items from the Brief Spence Children's Anxiety Scale). Findings: MH trajectories shadowed COVID-19 infection rates. Victorians reported a peak in MH symptoms at the time of the second-wave lockdown compared to other states. Key baseline predictors, including parent and child loneliness (standardised regression coefficient (β) = 0.09- 0.46), parent/child diagnoses (β = 0.07-0.21), couple conflict (β = 0.07-0.18), and COVID-19 stressors, such as worry/concern about COVID-19, illness and loss of job (β = 0.12-0.15)), predicted elevated trajectories. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence of worse trajectories of parent and child MH symptoms associated with a second COVID-19 outbreak involving strict lockdown in Victoria, compared to non-locked states in Australia. We identified several baseline factors that may be useful in detecting high-risk families who are likely to require additional support early in future lockdowns.